Exodus 1:8

The Holy Scriptures: A New Translation (JPS 1917)

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1

ปาราชาต์ Shemot

อะลียาห์ 1

1 וְאֵ֗לֶּה שְׁמוֹת֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל הַבָּאִ֖ים מִצְרָ֑יְמָה אֵ֣ת יַעֲקֹ֔ב אִ֥ישׁ וּבֵית֖וֹ בָּֽאוּ׃ NOW THESE are the names of the sons of Israel, who came into Egypt with Jacob; every man came with his household:

2 רְאוּבֵ֣ן שִׁמְע֔וֹן לֵוִ֖י וִיהוּדָֽה׃ Reuben, Simeon, Levi, and Judah;

3 יִשָּׂשכָ֥ר זְבוּלֻ֖ן וּבִנְיָמִֽן׃ Issachar, Zebulun, and Benjamin;

4 דָּ֥ן וְנַפְתָּלִ֖י גָּ֥ד וְאָשֵֽׁר׃ Dan and Naphtali, Gad and Asher.

5 וַֽיְהִ֗י כׇּל־נֶ֛פֶשׁ יֹצְאֵ֥י יֶֽרֶךְ־יַעֲקֹ֖ב שִׁבְעִ֣ים נָ֑פֶשׁ וְיוֹסֵ֖ף הָיָ֥ה בְמִצְרָֽיִם׃ And all the souls that came out of the loins of Jacob were seventy souls; and Joseph was in Egypt already.

6 וַיָּ֤מׇת יוֹסֵף֙ וְכׇל־אֶחָ֔יו וְכֹ֖ל הַדּ֥וֹר הַהֽוּא׃ And Joseph died, and all his brethren, and all that generation.

7 וּבְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל פָּר֧וּ וַֽיִּשְׁרְצ֛וּ וַיִּרְבּ֥וּ וַיַּֽעַצְמ֖וּ בִּמְאֹ֣ד מְאֹ֑ד וַתִּמָּלֵ֥א הָאָ֖רֶץ אֹתָֽם׃ {פ}
And the children of Israel were fruitful, and increased abundantly, and multiplied, and waxed exceeding mighty; and the land was filled with them.

8 וַיָּ֥קׇם מֶֽלֶךְ־חָדָ֖שׁ עַל־מִצְרָ֑יִם אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא־יָדַ֖ע אֶת־יוֹסֵֽף׃ Now there arose a new king over Egypt, who knew not Joseph.

9 וַיֹּ֖אמֶר אֶל־עַמּ֑וֹ הִנֵּ֗ה עַ֚ם בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל רַ֥ב וְעָצ֖וּם מִמֶּֽנּוּ׃ And he said unto his people: ‘Behold, the people of the children of Israel are too many and too mighty for us;

10 הָ֥בָה נִֽתְחַכְּמָ֖ה ל֑וֹ פֶּן־יִרְבֶּ֗ה וְהָיָ֞ה כִּֽי־תִקְרֶ֤אנָה מִלְחָמָה֙ וְנוֹסַ֤ף גַּם־הוּא֙ עַל־שֹׂ֣נְאֵ֔ינוּ וְנִלְחַם־בָּ֖נוּ וְעָלָ֥ה מִן־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ come, let us deal wisely with them, lest they multiply, and it come to pass, that, when there befalleth us any war, they also join themselves unto our enemies, and fight against us, and get them up out of the land.’

11 וַיָּשִׂ֤ימוּ עָלָיו֙ שָׂרֵ֣י מִסִּ֔ים לְמַ֥עַן עַנֹּת֖וֹ בְּסִבְלֹתָ֑ם וַיִּ֜בֶן עָרֵ֤י מִסְכְּנוֹת֙ לְפַרְעֹ֔ה אֶת־פִּתֹ֖ם וְאֶת־רַעַמְסֵֽס׃ Therefore they did set over them taskmasters to afflict them with their burdens. And they built for Pharaoh store-cities, Pithom and Raamses.

12 וְכַאֲשֶׁר֙ יְעַנּ֣וּ אֹת֔וֹ כֵּ֥ן יִרְבֶּ֖ה וְכֵ֣ן יִפְרֹ֑ץ וַיָּקֻ֕צוּ מִפְּנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ But the more they afflicted them, the more they multiplied and the more they spread abroad. And they were adread because of the children of Israel.

13 וַיַּעֲבִ֧דוּ מִצְרַ֛יִם אֶת־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בְּפָֽרֶךְ׃ And the Egyptians made the children of Israel to serve with rigour.

14 וַיְמָרְר֨וּ אֶת־חַיֵּיהֶ֜ם בַּעֲבֹדָ֣ה קָשָׁ֗ה בְּחֹ֙מֶר֙ וּבִלְבֵנִ֔ים וּבְכׇל־עֲבֹדָ֖ה בַּשָּׂדֶ֑ה אֵ֚ת כׇּל־עֲבֹ֣דָתָ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־עָבְד֥וּ בָהֶ֖ם בְּפָֽרֶךְ׃ And they made their lives bitter with hard service, in mortar and in brick, and in all manner of service in the field; in all their service, wherein they made them serve with rigour.

15 וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ מִצְרַ֔יִם לַֽמְיַלְּדֹ֖ת הָֽעִבְרִיֹּ֑ת אֲשֶׁ֨ר שֵׁ֤ם הָֽאַחַת֙ שִׁפְרָ֔ה וְשֵׁ֥ם הַשֵּׁנִ֖ית פּוּעָֽה׃ And the king of Egypt spoke to the Hebrew midwives, of whom the name of the one was Shiphrah, and the name of the other Puah;

16 וַיֹּ֗אמֶר בְּיַלֶּדְכֶן֙ אֶת־הָֽעִבְרִיּ֔וֹת וּרְאִיתֶ֖ן עַל־הָאׇבְנָ֑יִם אִם־בֵּ֥ן הוּא֙ וַהֲמִתֶּ֣ן אֹת֔וֹ וְאִם־בַּ֥ת הִ֖וא וָחָֽיָה׃ and he said: ‘When ye do the office of a midwife to the Hebrew women, ye shall look upon the birthstool: if it be a son, then ye shall kill him; but if it be a daughter, then she shall live.’

17 וַתִּירֶ֤אןָ הַֽמְיַלְּדֹת֙ אֶת־הָ֣אֱלֹהִ֔ים וְלֹ֣א עָשׂ֔וּ כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר דִּבֶּ֥ר אֲלֵיהֶ֖ן מֶ֣לֶךְ מִצְרָ֑יִם וַתְּחַיֶּ֖יןָ אֶת־הַיְלָדִֽים׃ But the midwives feared God, and did not as the king of Egypt commanded them, but saved the men-children alive.

อะลียาห์ 2

18 וַיִּקְרָ֤א מֶֽלֶךְ־מִצְרַ֙יִם֙ לַֽמְיַלְּדֹ֔ת וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָהֶ֔ן מַדּ֥וּעַ עֲשִׂיתֶ֖ן הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֑ה וַתְּחַיֶּ֖יןָ אֶת־הַיְלָדִֽים׃ And the king of Egypt called for the midwives, and said unto them: ‘Why have ye done this thing, and have saved the men-children alive?’

19 וַתֹּאמַ֤רְןָ הַֽמְיַלְּדֹת֙ אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֔ה כִּ֣י לֹ֧א כַנָּשִׁ֛ים הַמִּצְרִיֹּ֖ת הָֽעִבְרִיֹּ֑ת כִּֽי־חָי֣וֹת הֵ֔נָּה בְּטֶ֨רֶם תָּב֧וֹא אֲלֵהֶ֛ן^*(בכתר ארם צובה היה כתוב אֲלֵיהֶ֛ן) הַמְיַלֶּ֖דֶת וְיָלָֽדוּ׃ And the midwives said unto Pharaoh: ‘Because the Hebrew women are not as the Egyptian women; for they are lively, and are delivered ere the midwife come unto them.’

20 וַיֵּ֥יטֶב אֱלֹהִ֖ים לַֽמְיַלְּדֹ֑ת וַיִּ֧רֶב הָעָ֛ם וַיַּֽעַצְמ֖וּ מְאֹֽד׃ And God dealt well with the midwives; and the people multiplied, and waxed very mighty.

21 וַיְהִ֕י כִּֽי־יָרְא֥וּ הַֽמְיַלְּדֹ֖ת אֶת־הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים וַיַּ֥עַשׂ לָהֶ֖ם בָּתִּֽים׃ And it came to pass, because the midwives feared God, that He made them houses.

22 וַיְצַ֣ו פַּרְעֹ֔ה לְכׇל־עַמּ֖וֹ לֵאמֹ֑ר כׇּל־הַבֵּ֣ן הַיִּלּ֗וֹד הַיְאֹ֙רָה֙ תַּשְׁלִיכֻ֔הוּ וְכׇל־הַבַּ֖ת תְּחַיּֽוּן׃ {פ}
And Pharaoh charged all his people, saying: ‘Every son that is born ye shall cast into the river, and every daughter ye shall save alive.’

Miqra according to the Masorah · สัญญาอนุญาต: CC BY-SA · ที่มา
The Holy Scriptures: A New Translation (JPS 1917) · สัญญาอนุญาต: Public Domain · ที่มา

คำต่อคำ (Hebrew → English · Strong’s)

וַיָּ֥קָםqûwmto rise (in various applications
מֶֽלֶךְmeleka king
חָדָ֖שׁchâdâshnew
עַלʻalabove
מִצְרָ֑יִםMitsrayimMitsrajim
אֲשֶׁ֥רʼăsherwho
לֹֽאlôʼnot
יָדַ֖עyâdaʻto know
אֶתʼêthself (but generally used to point out mo
יוֹסֵֽףYôwçêphJoseph

Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible (CC BY 4.0); Strong’s Hebrew Dictionary (CC BY-SA).

Exodus 1:8 in every translation

English · Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009

A new king came into power over Egypt, who did not know Yoseif.

สัญญาอนุญาต: CC BY

English · The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein

And a new king arose over Egypt who [deported himself as if he] did not know Joseph.

สัญญาอนุญาต: CC BY

עברית · Miqra according to the Masorah

וַיָּ֥קׇם מֶֽלֶךְ־חָדָ֖שׁ עַל־מִצְרָ֑יִם אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא־יָדַ֖ע אֶת־יוֹסֵֽף׃

สัญญาอนุญาต: CC BY-SA

English · The Holy Scriptures: A New Translation (JPS 1917)

Now there arose a new king over Egypt, who knew not Joseph.

สัญญาอนุญาต: Public Domain

עברית · Tanach with Ta'amei Hamikra

וַיָּ֥קָם מֶֽלֶךְ־חָדָ֖שׁ עַל־מִצְרָ֑יִם אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא־יָדַ֖ע אֶת־יוֹסֵֽף׃

สัญญาอนุญาต: Public Domain

עברית · Tanach with Text Only

ויקם מלך חדש על מצרים אשר לא ידע את יוסף

สัญญาอนุญาต: Public Domain

עברית · Tanach with Nikkud

וַיָּקָם מֶלֶךְ־חָדָשׁ עַל־מִצְרָיִם אֲשֶׁר לֹא־יָדַע אֶת־יוֹסֵף׃

สัญญาอนุญาต: Public Domain

ייִדיש · Yehoyesh's Yiddish Tanakh Translation [yi]

איז אױפֿגעשטאַנען אַ נײַער מלך איבער מִצרַיִם, װאָס האָט ניט געקענט יוֹספֿן.

สัญญาอนุญาต: CC0

Français · Bible du Rabbinat 1899 [fr]

Un roi nouveau s’éleva sur l’Égypte, lequel n’avait point connu Joseph.

สัญญาอนุญาต: Public Domain

Italiano · Il Pentateuco. Traduzione italiana di Samuel David Luzzatto, 1872 [it]

Sorse poi un re nuovo sull’Egitto, il quale non aveva conosciuto Giuseppe.

สัญญาอนุญาต: Public Domain

Polski · Bible in Polish, trans. Izaak Cylkow, 1841 - 1908 [pl]

I powstał król nowy nad Micraim, który nie znał Josefa.

สัญญาอนุญาต: Public Domain

Deutsch · Die Heilige Schrift, trans. Dr. Simon Bernfeld, Berlin, 1902 - German [de]

Da erstand ein neuer König über Ägypten, der von Joseph nichts wusste.

สัญญาอนุญาต: Public Domain

Deutsch · Der Pentateuch, übersetzt und erläutert von Samson Raphael Hirsch. Frankfurt am Main, 1867-1878 [de]

Es erhob sich ein neuer König über Mizrajim, der von Josef nichts wusste;

สัญญาอนุญาต: Public Domain

Esperanto · La Malnova Testamento, L.L.Zamenhof [eo]

Aperis en Egiptujo nova reĝo, kiu ne konis Jozefon.

สัญญาอนุญาต: Public Domain

Commentary on Exodus 1:8

Rashi

English

Rav and Shmuel argue on this. One says it was actually a new king and the other says that he renewed his decrees.

He made himself like he didn't know who Joseph was.

Sefaria Community Translation · สัญญาอนุญาต: CC0 · Full commentary on Sefaria

Targum Jonathan

English

And there arose a new king (other) than he who was formerly over Mizraim, who took no knowledge of Joseph, and walked not in his laws.

The Targum of Jonathan ben Uzziel, trans. J. W. Etheridge, London, 1862 · สัญญาอนุญาต: Public Domain · Full commentary on Sefaria

Ibn Ezra

עברית

ויקם מלך חדש. פירושו כמשמעו בלא תוספת שלא היה מזרע המלוכה. על כן כתיב ויקם כמו כי הקים בני את עבדי:

On Your Way · สัญญาอนุญาต: Public Domain · Full commentary on Sefaria

Rashbam

עברית

ויקם מלך חדש - ונתחכם עליהם למעטם ולא הועיל לו.

Rashbam on Torah -- Daat · สัญญาอนุญาต: Public Domain · Full commentary on Sefaria

Sforno

English

A NEW KING AROSE OVER EGYPT, ETC. Even though there was certainly a recording of this in the royal chronicles, specifically with respect to the new legislation that he enacted, the possibility did not occur to the new king of his being from this people, or that it would be appropriate to accord recognition to his people on his account.

Sefaria Community Translation · สัญญาอนุญาต: CC0 · Full commentary on Sefaria

Da'at Zekenim

English

ויקם מלך חדש, “a new king (dynasty) arose;” this was the first Pharaoh. The Egyptians suggested to him to join the Hebrews politically. The king said to them, how can we do this, seeing that thus far we have prospered thanks to them? The Egyptians did not like this and removed this new king from the throne for a period of three months. After the three months had elapsed, the king told the people that he was willing to change his attitude on the subject and to oppose the Hebrews. This is why the Torah wrote the word ויקם מלך חדש, “a new king;” The Torah did not report that the old king had died, as is customary.(Sh’mot Rabbah 1,8)

אשר לא ידע את יוסף, “who had not known Joseph.” Rabbi Yehudah ben Levi understands this line as a parable. There was someone who insulted the picture of the King. Having gotten away with that, the following week he insulted the king himself. The new king began by insulting the Jews, and when successful, proceeded to insult the G–d of the Jews. (Compare Sh’mot 5,20)

Daat Zekenim translated by Rb. Eliyahu Munk · สัญญาอนุญาต: CC-BY · Full commentary on Sefaria